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Bacterial opportunistic pathogens are defined as microorganisms causing disease in hosts experiencing atypical environmental stressors or having impaired immune function. In intensive aquacultural rearing, stress factors (such as hypoxia, abnormal pH, and high population density) generate an optimal setting for such pathogens to thrive. The status of these organisms—either as natural components of a healthy microbiome, or a latent step in disease establishment, or both—is still not entirely clear. In this chapter, we outline the current understanding (i.e., taxonomy, biology, disease impact, and current treatment options) of major opportunist bacterial genera of special interest in aquaculture: Aeromonas, Flavobacterium, and Vibrio. On a broader scale, we consider the importance of host/microbiota/environment interactions in opportunistic infections of teleost fish. Not only does this cross talk play a crucial …