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To gain insights into postdialytic rebound of serum phosphate (PDR-P), serum phosphate (P), calcium (Ca), and parathyroid hormone (PTH), levels were compared from the end of treatment (T0) to the subsequent 30 to 120 min and up to 68 hr in uremic patients who underwent with crossover modality a single session of two dialytic treatments characterized by different convective removal: standard hemodialysis (HD) and hemodiafiltration (HDF). In HDF, versus HD, P removal was greater (1171±90 versus 814±79 mg; P< 0.05) in the presence of similar predialytic P levels (6.0±0.2 and 5.9±0.4 mg/dl) and Kt/V (1.35±0.06 and 1.34±0.05); however, the serum P values at T0 did not differ (3.0±0.2 versus 3.3±0.2 mg/dl). In HDF, PDR-P was more rapid (30 min versus 90 min) and of a greater extent (at T120:+ 69±6% versus+ 31±4%; P< 0.0001). The higher P levels were maintained throughout the interdialytic period. Ca× …