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The effects of various soil cultivation methods on wheat yields were studied at 3 sites in Pakistan. At Islamabad, mouldboard ploughing as a primary tillage method out-yielded the other cultivation treatments (subsoiler, chisel, cultivator), yielding 4.3 t/ha compared with 3.72 t/ha for the traditional cultivator. Mouldboard ploughing as a secondary tillage method was also more favourable then use of the cultivator, sweeps or the disc harrow. Results were similar in trials conducted on farmers fields in Rawalpindi district. The beneficial effect of mouldboard ploughing was related to soil loosening down to a depth of 12 inches which promoted deep rooting, compared with shallow rooting due to soil compaction with the cultivator. Yields of 4.6 and 4.5 t/ha were obtained in a farmer's field at Sadhoki using a mouldboard plough + rotavator and chisel plough + rotavator, resp., compared with 3.9 t/ha with a tine cultivator …