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OBJECTIVE:

To compare probiotic supplements for premature infants.

DATA SOURCES:

We searched PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, and ProQuest from inception of these databases to June 1, 2020.

STUDY SELECTION:

Randomized trials of probiotic supplement intervention for preterm infants were screened by 2 reviewers independently. The primary outcomes were mortality and the morbidity of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Secondary outcomes were morbidity of sepsis, time to achieve full enteral feeding, and length of hospital stay.

DATA EXTRACTION:

The data of primary and secondary outcomes were extracted by 2 reviewers and pooled with a random-effects model.

RESULTS:

The meta-analysis included 45 trials with 12 320 participants. Bifidobacterium plus Lactobacillus was associated with lower rates of mortality (risk ratio 0.56; 95% credible interval 0.34–0.84) and NEC morbidity (0.47; 0.27–0.79) in …