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Medication nonadherence after liver transplantation (LT) is associated with adverse clinical outcomes such as graft rejection and graft loss. Few studies have examined nonadherence and its impact on clinical outcomes in LT. The study objectives were (1) to evaluate medication understanding (with treatment knowledge and demonstrated regimen use scores) and medication adherence or nonadherence to entire regimens among LT recipients and (2) to examine associations of these exposures with clinical outcomes. We conducted a 2site study of 105 recipients between 2011 and 2012 at 2 transplant centers in Chicago, IL and Atlanta, GA. Data were collected via detailed, inperson interviews and medical record reviews. Study participants were middleaged and predominantly male; 15% of the sample had limited literacy. On average, patients were taking 11 medications [standard deviation (SD)= 4], and 39 …