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Effect of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) and Fe₃O₄/Alginate nanocomposites (NCs) have been investigated on production and thermostability of crude cellulase enzyme system obtained by newly isolated thermotolerant Aspergillus fumigatus AA001. Fe₃O₄ NPs and Fe₃O₄/Alginate NCs have been synthesized by co-precipitation method and characterized through various techniques. In presence of Fe₃O₄ NPs and Fe₃O₄/Alginate NCs, filter paper activity of crude cellulase was increased about 35% and 40%, respectively in 72 h as compared to control. Fe₃O₄/Alginate NCs treated crude enzyme was thermally stable up to 8 h at 70 °C and retained 56% of its relative activity whereas; control samples could retain only 19%. Further, the hydrolysis of 1.0% alkali treated rice straw using Fe₃O₄/Alginate NCs treated cellulase gave much higher sugar productivity than control at optimal condition. These findings may be …