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Although obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) appears to be a cardiovascular risk factor, its frequency in patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and stroke remains poorly known. We prospectively studied 128 patients (mean±SD age=59±15 years) with stroke (n=75) or TIA (n=53). Assessment included body mass index (BMI); history of snoring and daytime sleepiness; cardiovascular risk factors and diseases; and severity of stroke (Scandinavian Stroke Scale=SSS). Polysomnography (PSG) was obtained in 80 subjects (group 1), a mean of 9 days (range, 1–71 days) after TIA or stroke. In 48 subjects (group 2), PSG was not available, refused, or inadequate. Groups 1 and 2 were similar with the exception of gender distribution. Clinical and PSG data were compared to those of 25 healthy controls matched for age, gender, and BMI. An apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) >10 was found in 62.5% of subjects and 12.5% of …