作者
Valentine Puzenat, Nathalie Feuillet, Jean-Christophe Komorowski, Javier Escartín, Christine Deplus, Patrick Bachèlery, Carole Berthod, Lucia Gurioli, Carla Scalabrin, Cécile Cathalot, Emmanuel Rinnert, Benoît Loubrieu, Delphine Pierre, Mathilde Pitel-Roudaut, Nina Tanguy, Yves Fouquet, Stephan J Jorry, Elodie Lebas, Fabien Paquet, Isabelle Thinon
发表日期
2022
期刊
Comptes Rendus. Géoscience
卷号
354
期号
S2
页码范围
81-104
简介
Unlike subaerial volcanic activity, deep submarine eruptions are difficult to detect, observe and monitor. The objective of this paper is to describe a large and complex volcanic region, named the Horseshoe area, recently discovered at∼ 1500 m below sea level on the eastern upper submarine slope of Mayotte Island. The area is crucial because, since 2018, it has experienced an exceptionally deep seismic activity associated with the ongoing submarine eruption that formed a new volcanic edifice, Fani Maoré, about 40 km to the east. We present the results of a multiscale study, based on high-resolution bathymetry and in-situ seafloor observations carried out with autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) and deep-towed camera systems. In-situ imagery provides ground-truth for the geological interpretation of seafloor textures mapped with the bathymetry. The combination of both datasets allows us to discuss the nature of the volcanic structures and to propose a relative chronology of previous eruptive events in the Horseshoe area. Based on our analyses, we propose the following chronology:(a) the emplacement of a large explosive volcanic cone, the Horseshoe edifice,(b) the later collapse of this edifice that resulted in the formation of an elongated, 2 km wide horseshoe-shaped depression, crosscutting older hummocky lava flows,(c) the development of an E–W eruptive fissure associated with numerous explosive craters, east of the Horseshoe edifice, and (d) late volcanism emanating from the rim of the horseshoe-shaped depression that fed elongated thin lava flows both towards and away from the depression. While all volcanic features …
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