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In July 2018, a large (ca. 6.55 km³), deep (ca. 2.5 to 3.3 km b.s.l) submarine eruption started ca. 50 km east of Mayotte Island. Samples of fresh basanitic lava rims were collected by dredging, at various times and locations from the newly formed Fani Maoré Edifice (FME). The logistical response to this extraordinary event also enabled the dredging of shallow (ca. 1.2 to 1.6 km below sea level, b.s.l.), fresh phonolitic lava and bomb rims in the so-called Horse-Shoe Area (HSA), ca. 15 km east of Mayotte. Better-known subaerial counterparts of Holocene age, have also been sampled in the La Vigie Maar (LVM) phonolitic deposits (Petite-Terre, Mayotte Island), for comparison with submarine samples. These samples belong to a single volcanic chain that extends from LVM to FME passing through HSA. A novel combination of Simultaneous Thermal Analysis (STA), which involves Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC …