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The Comoros volcanic archipelago is known from its active volcano Karthala, Grande Comore, recently erupted in 2005-2007. On the contrary, Mayotte, the most easterly island of the archipelago, has been dormant since, at least, more than 4000 years. Since mid-2018, the exceptional reactivation of a submarine activity, coupled with the outstanding size of this new submarine volcano (800 m-high) is posing a real challenge to the scientific communities. This volcano is located along a globally WNW-ESE oriented volcanic ridge, extending from the island of Petite Terre to about 3500 m of water depth. Here, we focus on the first results obtained on the rock samples collected on the volcanic site itself and from several sites along the volcanic ridge. Lava emitted along the entire Comoros archipelago show a wide range of variations, from highly silica-undersaturated alkaline magmas known on Mayotte Island, to …