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Morphology regulation and surface modification are crucial strategies to improving the photoelectrochemical water oxidation performance of Fe₂O₃ photoanodes. In this study, Pluronic F127-assisted synthesis and post-treatment were adopted to achieve surface modification of FeOOH nanorods prepared by hydrothermal technique, thereby adjusting the morphology and surface properties of Fe₂O₃ photoanodes after calcination. Although the morphology of FeOOH barely changed, the creation of porous nanorods through F127-assisted synthesis and morphological change from worm-like nanorods into nanoplates by F127-assisted post-treatment were realized, and the electrochemically active surface area, crystallinity, number of surface disorders, and photoabsorption property were affected. Furthermore, relatively high intensity of lattice defects and low-valent ferrous ions (Fe²⁺) were generated after F127 …