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Gastric cancer is a common cancer with a high incidence and mortality rate worldwide. Unfortunately, early-stage gastric cancer is asymptomatic. Considering that, it is one of the reasons for late detection. Gastric cancer which is strongly related to the Helicobacter pylori infection is more common in East Asian countries and developing countries with low sanity levels. The prolonged infection with H. pylori increases the risk of developing gastric ulcers, thereby activating the route of chronic inflammation and subsequently the onset and development of gastric cancer. Although H. pylori is not the only cause of all duodenal and gastric ulcers and the infection by H. pylori alone cannot explain the development of gastric cancer, understanding the mechanisms governing the H. pylori persistence will empower our research tools starting from early detection to bacterial eradication. This chapter includes but is not limited to …