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The intracellular build-up of thermally damaged proteins following exposure to heat stress results in the synthesis of heat shock proteins (Hsps). In the present study, the upper thermal tolerance and expression of heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) were examined in juveniles of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium malcolmsonii that had been acclimated at two different temperatures, i.e. 20 °C (group A) and 30 °C (group B), in the laboratory for 30 days. Upper thermal tolerance was determined by a standard method. For heat-shock experiments, prawns in groups A and B were exposed to various elevated temperatures for 3 h each, followed by 1 h recovery at the acclimation temperature. Endogenous levels of Hsp70 were determined in the gill, heart, hepatopancreas and skeletal muscle tissues by Western blotting analysis of one dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE …