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Objective: We review health services and reintegration practices that contribute to the rehabilitation of US active duty service members (ADSMs) and Veterans who experienced traumatic brain injury (TBI), especially mild TBI (mTBI), as discussed at the 2015 Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) TBI State-of-the-Art (SOTA) Conference.

Methodology: We reviewed the state-of-the-art at the time of the previous 2008 TBI SOTA Conference, advances in the field since then, and future directions to address gaps in knowledge.

Main results: We reviewed: (1) mTBI and its comorbid conditions documented in ADSMs and Veterans, and recognized the need for additional healthcare utilization, health cost and quality of care studies; (2) VA vocational rehabilitation programmes and the effectiveness of supported employment for helping those with workplace difficulties; (3) the application of technology to assist in TBI rehabilitation …