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Arugula (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa) is a popular leafy vegetable grown by small farmers in greenbelts of large cities in Brazil. During the rainy season of 2011 (average rainfall 321 mm, average temperature above 25 C), unknown symptoms were observed on leaves of arugula cv. Folha Larga in a 0.25-ha field in Chã Grande County, state of Pernambuco, Brazil. Disease incidence was 5% and infected plants showed dark brown discoloration on leaf veins, small water-soaked lesions near the veins, and reduced size, but did not present the typical green wilt of solanaceous. Bacterial strains CRMRS ruc1, CRMRS ruc2, and CRMRS ruc3 were isolated in NYDA medium and Koch’s postulates were completed. For each strain, 10 arugula plants grown in 500-ml plastic pots filled with Basaplant compost were inoculated making a semicircular cut with scalpel on roots inside soil and 15 ml of bacterial suspension (10 8 …