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The diversity of lichens and allied fungi of the Oranienbaumsky (Rambovsky) Prospective Protected Area (St. Petersburg, Russia) has been studied for the first time. Among 214 discovered species 199 are lichens, 11 are lichenicolous fungi and 4 are saprobic fungi traditionally reported in lichenological lists. The lichen diversity of the territory is estimated as one of the richest within the limits of St. Petersburg. The lichen Protothelenella petri is recorded for the first time for Russia, the lichens Biatora cuprea, Brianaria bauschiana, Micarea leprosula and Thelocarpon lichenicola are new for the North-Western European Russia, lichens Aspicilia lae-vata and Trapelia glebulosa, as well as the lichenicolous fungi Stigmidium fuscatae and Syzygospora physciacearum are new for St. Petersburg, the lichenicolous fungus Sphaerellothecium coniodes was not earlier known either from St. Petersburg or Leningrad Region. Nine species included in the Red Data Book of St. Petersburg are known from the Oranienbaumsky Prospective Protected Area. Of these, Ramalina sinensis has not been reported from the administrative territory since 1938 and is probably extinct from the historical localities. Parmelia fraudans was found in St. Petersburg for the first time in 80 years and we propose to include this species into the Red Data Book. The lichen flora of the Oranienbaumsky Prospective Protected Area comprises regionally rare and vulnerable species and deserves protection as one of the richest in St. Petersburg.