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Dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE‐MRI) is performed after the administration of intravenous contrast medium to noninvasively access tumor vascular characteristics. DCE‐MRI techniques utilizing low‐molecular‐weight contrast media have successfully made the transition from methodological development to preclinical and clinical validation and are now rapidly becoming mainstream clinical tools. DCE‐MRI using macromolecular contrast medium (MMCM) can also assay microvascular characteristics of human tumor xenografts. MMCM approval for human use will occur soon. The success of both techniques depends on their ability to demonstrate quantitative differences of contrast medium behavior in a variety of tissues. Evidence is mounting that kinetic parameters correlate with immunohistochemical surrogates of tumor angiogenesis, including microvessel density, and with …