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During the year 1987, 106 cases of human brucellosis were studied prospectively at the Jordan University Hospital. The disease was more often diagnosed among adults (73·6 %) than children (26·4 %). Serious clinical complications were observed in 5·7% patients. An initial Brucella antibody titre ⩾ 160 proved to be reliable in confirming suspected cases of acute and subacute brucellosis. Culture of blood was found to be more sensitive (44·4%) and significant (P < 0·02) than bone marrow culture (27·7 %) for detecting Brucella melitensis. All patients treated with rifampicin plus tetracycline or co-trimoxazole were considered to be clinically cured by disappearance of all major clinical features of brucellosis. By contrast, 2/10 patients treated with rifampicin alone, as well as 1/56 patients treated with tetracycline and streptomycin, clinically relapsed. It is evident from this study that the treatment with rifampicin alone is …