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Radiation has been widely used in many business sectors over the last century. Our study investigated the possible teratogenic effects of radiation on the bones of rat fetuses and the protective effect of melatonin against these effects. In this study, 15 pregnant female Wistar albino rats were used. These rats were divided into four groups: the control group, melatonin group (10 mg/kg/day), radiation group (0.5 gray), radiation (0.5 gray) + melatonin group (10 mg/kg/day), and sham group (1 mm hanks/day). The skeletal system development of fetuses was examined with double skeletal and scanning electron microscope (SEM), histopathological methods. In our study, fetal weight, placental weight, and fetal morphometric values were found to be statistically significantly decreased in the radiation group compared to the control group (p < .05). In immünohistochemistry (IHC) analysis, alkaline phosphatase, and …