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The aim of this study was to assess the prognostic value of p16^INK4a as a marker of post‐conization relapse in patients treated for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 (CIN 3). A retrospective study of 76 women with CIN 3 diagnoses, treated at the Hospital of Santa Casa de Misericórdia of São Paulo (Brazil) between January 2003 and September 2004, was performed. The study samples were obtained from cervical conization procedures, where paraffin blocks containing areas with the greatest amount of neoplastic tissue were selected. Immunohistochemical techniques were used on individual paraffin blocks for each case to detect p16^INK4a protein expression. The p16^INK4a cell counts were performed in 10 different high‐amplification fields (400x) by light microscopy and total cell count expressed as number of cells per mm². Patients involved in this study were followed up at the colposcopy outpatient unit …