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Hyperpolarized ¹²⁹Xe MRI benefits from non‐Cartesian acquisitions that sample k‐space efficiently and rapidly. However, their reconstructions are complex and burdened by decay processes unique to hyperpolarized gas. Currently used gridded reconstructions are prone to artifacts caused by magnetization decay and are ill‐suited for undersampling. We present a compressed sensing (CS) reconstruction approach that incorporates magnetization decay in the forward model, thereby producing images with increased sharpness and contrast, even in undersampled data.

Radio‐frequency, T₁, and T2*$$ {\mathrm{T}}_2^{\ast } $$ decay processes were incorporated into the forward model and solved using iterative methods including CS. The decay‐modeled reconstruction was validated in simulations and then tested in 2D/3D‐spiral ventilation and 3D‐radial gas‐exchange MRI. Quantitative …