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This paper compares and contrasts two different concepts of health promotion in schools from a theoretical perspective: on the one hand, nudge tactics seeking to change both students’ eating behaviour and their exercise routine and, on the other hand, the settings approach which focuses on the social determinants of health. After assessing both concepts critically, it is argued that nudge has three drawbacks in comparison to setting-based health promotion: Firstly, in primarily focussing on individual choices, nudge exclusively promotes students’ behavioural prevention while disregarding measures of structural prevention. Secondly, choice architects (nudgers) are likely to enforce cultural homogeneity when defining the meaning of school health, i.e. the right food or dose of exercise, while deviating lifestyles are implicitly judged to be irrational and unhealthy. Thirdly, within a nudge-based approach …