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Aim  The aim of this article is to document the risk of neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) among infants enrolled in a programme for the prevention of mother‐to‐child transmission of HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) in Zimbabwe using the Bayley Infant Neurodevelopmental Screener (BINS).

Method  We prospectively followed up infants at three primary care clinics in Harare, Zimbabwe. Neurodevelopmental assessments using the BINS were conducted during the first 12 months of life. NDI risk category and associated risk factors were examined.

Results  Of the 598 infants assessed, 305 (51%) were female and 293 (49%) were male. Sixty‐five infants (11%) were infected with HIV, 188 (31%) were exposed but uninfected, 287 (48%) were unexposed, and 58 (10%) were of unknown status. The prevalence of a high risk of NDI was 9.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] 7.1–11.1%): 9.2% in males and 9.6% in …