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Surflex is a fully automatic flexible molecular docking algorithm that combines the scoring function from the Hammerhead docking system with a search engine that relies on a surface-based molecular similarity method as a means to rapidly generate suitable putative poses for molecular fragments. Results are presented evaluating reliability and accuracy of dockings compared with crystallographic experimental results on 81 protein/ligand pairs of substantial structural diversity. In over 80% of the complexes, Surflex's highest scoring docked pose was within 2.5 Å root-mean-square deviation (rmsd), with over 90% of the complexes having one of the top ranked poses within 2.5 Å rmsd. Results are also presented assessing Surflex's utility as a screening tool on two protein targets (thymidine kinase and estrogen receptor) using data sets on which competing methods were run. Performance of Surflex was significantly …