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Purpose: The current study aimed to investigate in vitro effects of oleic acid on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute lung injury in the human lung epithelial cells (A549). Materials and Methods: The cell viability was evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) tests. Selected gene expression levels were analyzed by Real-Time Quantitative-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR). Results: 24 hours of LPS (100 ng/mL) exposure decreased the cells’ viability by 44.6% compared to untreated control. Low concentration (2.5 nM) of oleic acid slightly suppressed the cell survival by 9.1% analyzed 24 hours after incubation. However, oleic acid pretreatment before LPS exposure significantly increased cell survival loss to 63.9%. LPS exposure decreased the expressions of catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) mRNA levels by 2.8 and 2.5 fold, respectively. Moreover …