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Herein, it was investigated the heat required and the kinetics of oxidative pyrolysis of sugarcane straw by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Thermal analyses were carried out at different temperatures (5, 10, and 20 K min⁻¹) and atmospheres (different oxygen concentrations with N₂). The pyrolysis process had lower track degradation in oxidative atmospheres. The Flynn–Ozawa–Wall model kinetics parameters revealed that the activation energy under the atmosphere with 3% O₂ had the lowest range (101–130 kJ mol⁻¹). Hence, it was demonstrated that oxidative pyrolysis could be a low energy cost and environmental friendly process for converting sugarcane straw to valuable products.