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Epidemiologically established risk factors for carcinogenesis include endocrine, environmental, socioeconomic, and genetic factors (Daly & Obrams, 1998). However, recognized risk factors explain only a modest percentage of the chance for cancer development. In addition, a substantial body of research has emerged over the last 30 years documenting relationships between psychological factors, cancer risk, and disease progression (Antoni & Goodkin, 1988; Greer & Watson, 1985; Levy, Herberman, Lippman, D'Angelo, & Lee, 1991; Pettingale, Burge, & Greer, 1988; Price et al., 2001; Stommel, Given, & Given, 2002). For many years an immunosuppression model has guided much of the thinking regarding mechanisms underlying the relationship between stress and cancer. The underlying assumption of this model is that stress, depression, and other negative psychosocial factors elevate the risk for cancer …