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In the present study, hydrothermal treatments on sawdust (real biomass) and cellulose taken as a model biomass were performed at 225°C, 300°C and 375°C. The effect of the various catalysts (K₂CO₃, HZSM-5, Ni on SiO₂) on the gas composition was investigated. The aqueous phases were also characterized by ion chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), UV–vis spectroscopy and total organic carbon analyzer (TOC). The main intermediates in the water soluble fraction were acetic acid, formic acid and glycolic acid, aldehydes (acetaldehyde, formaldehyde), phenol and phenol derivatives, furfural, methyl furfural, hydroxymethyl furfural. The experimental results for the actual biomass (sawdust) were compared with those for the cellulose. Thus, the effect of the inorganic constituents found in sawdust such as minerals, metals, etc. on the formation and degradation pathways of the …