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We have designed and implemented an interactive simulation system for training and treatment planning in orthodontics. Currently, both treatment planning, and the choice of a proper appliance model, are based exclusively on clinician expertise. Most orthodontists work by trial and error when estimating the loading conditions that will achieve the desired tooth movement. There is a strong need for computer methods that will enable them to make realistic visual predictions of the final positions of the teeth and the changes in shape that the dental arch undergoes. To validate our simulator, we used cephalometric measurements and dental cast data taken during one-year follow-up orthodontic treatments. The results demonstrated a closely degree of fit between experimental orthodontic treatments and simulated case studies. In addition to its use in therapy planning, we expect our simulator to be a useful environment …