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Alpha lipoic acid (α-LA), a potent antioxidant, is protective against acute nephrotoxicity. In the present study, the attenuation of cadmium (Cd)-induced kidney injury by α-LA on was investigated in a rat model. Exposure to 50 mg/L Cd for 12 weeks increased kidney index and Cd content, malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and histological damage to the renal cortex, and decreased the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione (GSH). Treatment with 50 mg/L Cd also damaged renal cell mitochondria and nuclei, and activated the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, indicated by increased gene and protein expression/activation of caspase-9, caspase-3, poly ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) and Bcl-2 adenovirus E1a nineteen kilodalton interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), and translocation of cytochrome c (cyt c), apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), and …