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Background: Sepsis or systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is a lethal disease responsible for the death of 300,000 patients annually in North America with as yet no effective therapeutic agent. A complementary peptide to human C5a named PepA prevented complement mediated lethal shock in rats (2004. J. Immunol. 172-F6382). Acetylation at N-terminal alanine of PepA showed increased inhibitory activity against C5a (2007. Microbiol. Immunol. 51, 439). We administered the acetylated PepA (AcPepA) to monkeys at lethal endotoxin shock as models of septic shock patients.

Methods: We treated cynomolgus monkeys, as a species closely related to human, with a lethal dose of bacterial endotoxin (4mg/kg) sufficient to kill the animals within 2 days as a lethal septic shock model. The monkeys at septic shock status were administered with 2mg/(kgh) of AcPepA for 3h starting 30min after the endotoxin …