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There is a paucity of evidence regarding the effects of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) in underweight patients with atrial fibrillation (AF).

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of NOACs in underweight AF patients.

We analyzed 1353 AF patients who were prescribed NOACs according to their body mass index (BMI): underweight (UW: n = 62, BMI <18.5 kg/m²), normal weight (NW: n = 753, BMI 18.5–24.9 kg/m²), and overweight to obese (OW: n = 538, BMI ≥25.0 kg/m²). We analyzed the association between clinical outcomes and BMI.

During the median 7 months (interquartile range 3–10 months) of follow-up, there were 29 major bleeding events, 11 thromboembolic events, and 15 deaths. The risks of major bleeding and all-cause death were significantly higher in the UW group compared to the NW group (adjusted hazard ratio …