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OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of pathogens that cause sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in semen from asymptomatic male infertility patients with and without leukocytospermia (LCS), and associations between STIs, inflammatory markers, and other semen variables. DESIGN: Retrospective, controlled study. SETTING: Academic Medical Center. PATIENT(S): Two hundred and forty-one male infertility patients undergoing routine semen analysis: 132 with LCS, and 109 without LCS. INTERVENTION(S): None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): The DNA from STI pathogens (human papillomavirus [HPV], cytomegalovirus [CMV], herpes simplex virus [HSV], human herpesvirus type 6 [HHV-6], Epstein-Barr virus [EBV], hepatitis B virus [HBV], and Chlamydia trachomatis [CT]), routine semen parameters, and markers of accessory gland and epididymal function and inflammation. RESULT(S): The DNA from …