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Osteoporosis (OPo) is a metabolic bone disease, which affects at least a dozen million people in the United States and leads to more than two million bone fractures every year. Quantification limited to bone mineral for OPo evaluation, as takes place in clinical practice, may miss major changes in other bone components such as the organic matrix, different water components (total water (TW), bound water (BW), and pore water (PW)), and fat fraction. This chapter describes quantitative ultrashort echo time (UTE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques, which can assess all the major components of bone, including water, collagen, mineral, and fat. Basic UTE and adiabatic inversion recovery prepared UTE (IR-UTE) sequences can quantify TW, BW, and PW. UTE tri-component T₂^* analysis distinguishes between BW and PW signals and fractions. In addition it provides assessment of fat fraction. UTE …