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Brain edema following stroke is a critical clinical problem due to its association with increased morbidity and mortality. Despite its significance, present treatment for brain edema simply provides symptomatic relief due to the fact that molecular mechanisms underlying brain edema remain poorly understood. The present study investigated the role of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and aquaporins (AQP-4 and -9) in regulating cerebral glycerol accumulation and inducing brain edema in a rodent model of stroke. Two-hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion was performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats (250-280g). Anti-AQP-4 antibody, anti-AQP-9 antibody, or 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME2, an inhibitor of HIF-1α) was given at the time of MCAO. The rats were sacrificed at 1 and 24 hours after reperfusion and their brains were examined. Extracellular and intracellular glycerol …