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This study presents a meta-analysis of the relation between language and mathematics. A moderate relation between language and mathematics was found in 344 studies with 393 independent samples and more than 360,000 participants, r=. 42, 95% CI [. 40,. 44]. Moderation and partial correlation analyses revealed the following:(a) more complicated language and mathematics skills were associated with stronger relations between language and mathematics; after partialing out working memory and intelligence, rapid automatized naming showed the strongest relation to numerical knowledge;(b) the relation between language and mathematics was stronger among native language speakers than among second-language learners, but this difference was not found after partialing out working memory and intelligence;(c) working memory and intelligence together explained over 50% of the variance in the relation …