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A direct pyrolysis method from artificial lamellar mesostructures to nanotubes was developed for the synthesis of tungsten disulfide (WS₂) nanotubes. In this process, a tungsten sulfide artificial lamellar mesostructure composite with intercalated cetyltrimethylammonium cations (WS-L) was prepared on the basis of the recently developed template self-assembly of anionic tungstates (WS₄^2-) and cationic surfactant molecules (CTA⁺) in solution under appropriate conditions. After heating of this inorganic−surfactant lamellar composite material in an argon atmosphere to 850 °C, bulk quantities of uniform WS₂ nanotubes with diameters of 5−37.5 nm and lengths ranging from 0.2 to 5 μm were produced, which revealed a general rolling mechanism of layered sheets for tubule formation. The observations of transmission electron microscopy are in good agreement with the proposed rolling mechanism.