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Many efforts have been made to detect local relapse (LR) in the follow-up after stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) for non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) although limited data are available on its treatment and prognosis. We aimed to characterize treatment options and clarify long-term outcomes of isolated LR after SBRT for patients with clinical stage I NSCLC.

We reviewed our institutional database in search of patients with isolated LR after SBRT for clinical stage I NSCLC at our institution between 1999 and 2013. Patient characteristics were compared with Mann-Whitney U test, χ² test, or Fisher's exact test as appropriate. Survival outcomes were estimated with Kaplan–Meier method. Potential prognostic factors were investigated using Cox proportional hazard model.

Of 308 patients undergoing SBRT for clinical stage I NSCLC, 49 patients were identified to have isolated LR …