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Propolis is a bee product and its immunomodulatory action has been the subject of intense investigation lately. The recent discovery and characterization of the family of Toll‐like receptors (TLR) have triggered a great deal of interest in the field of innate immunity due to their crucial role in microbial recognition and development of the adaptive immune response. This work aimed to evaluate propolis's effect on TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 expression and on the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐1β and IL‐6). Male BALB/c mice were treated with propolis (200 mg/kg) for three consecutive days, and TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 expression as well as IL‐1β and IL‐6 production were assessed in peritoneal macrophages and spleen cells. Basal IL‐1β production and TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 expression were increased in peritoneal macrophages of propolis‐treated mice. TLR‐2 and TLR‐4 expression and IL‐1β and IL‐6 production …