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A series of monoclonal antibodies that distinguish phosphorylated and nonphosphorylated neurofilament (NF) epitopes was used to immunostain brain stem neurons from control rabbits and from rabbits chronically intoxicated with Aluminium (Al). In controls, none of the monoclonal antibodies to phosphorylated NF stained the perikaryon of neurons. In contrast, in animals treated with Al, all neuronal perikarya containing Al-induced neurofilament bundles (NB) and some lacking well-formed NB immunoreacted with two of the five antibodies to phosphorylated NF. Axons were stained by all five antibodies to phosphorylated NF in both control and Al-treated animals. A broadly reacting monoclonal antibody to a nonphosphorylated NF epitopes immunoreacted with neuronal cell bodies, dendrites and axons in control and Al-intoxicated animals regardless of the presence of Al-induced NB. Staining of Al-induced …