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Objective: To summarise quantitatively the association between moderate alcohol intake and biological markers of risk of coronary heart disease and to predict how these changes would lower the risk.

Design: Meta-analysis of all experimental studies that assessed the effects of moderate alcohol intake on concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A I, fibrinogen, triglycerides, and other biological markers previously found to be associated with risk of coronary heart disease.

Participants: Men and women free of previous chronic disease and who were not dependent on alcohol Studies were included in which biomarkers were assessed before and after participants consumed up to 100 g of alcohol a day.

Interventions: Alcohol as ethanol, beer, wine, or spirits.

Main outcome measures: Changes in concentrations of high density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A I, Lp(a) lipoprotein …