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Background: The success of human population biobanks are dependent on the publics’ willingness to participate. This research aimed to determine those factors important in determining the public’s intention to donate a biological sample to a publicly funded biobank, and allow that sample to be linked with medical records. Methods: A national sample of 1000 Australians was surveyed via telephonic interviews. Questions included the reported likelihood that respondents would participate in biobank research, ratings of trust in biobanks, beliefs that biobank research will lead to improved health care and general ratings of comfort with blood taking and DNA analysis. Results: The sample reported a high level of trust in university biobanks, a strong belief that biobank research will lead to improved health care and a strong willingness to participate in biobank research. Using structural equation modelling …