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Previous studies reported heightened innate and humoral immune responses among cattle administered injectable trace minerals (ITM) concurrent to immunogen challenge, thus suggesting a potential adjuvant-like activity of ITM. To pursue this concept further, a two-year study was conducted at the Mountain Research Station (North Carolina State University, Waynesville) to evaluate immunological responses of Angus heifers (n = 22, 235 ± 18 kg of BW and 225 ± 4 d of age in yr 1; n = 36, 237 ± 6 kg of BW and 247 ± 5 d of age in yr 2). On d 0 (30 days after weaning), heifers were administered two 5-mL i.m. injections of porcine red blood cells (PRBC; Lampire Biological Laboratories, Pipersville, PA) solution (25% PRBC and 75% sterile PBS; Amresco, Solon, OH), concurrent to either a single 2.5-mL s.c. injection of sterile saline (SAL; 0.9% NaCl), a squalene-based oil-in-water adjuvant (ADJ; AddaVax; InvivoGen …