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Purpose

Understanding the long-term outcomes of developmental language difficulties is key to knowing what significance to attach to them. To date, most prognostic studies have tended to be clinical rather than population-based, which necessarily affects the interpretation. This study sought to address this issue using data from a UK birth cohort of 17,196 children, following them from school entry to adulthood, examining literacy, mental health, and employment at 34 years of age. The study compared groups with specific language impairment (SLI), nonspecific language impairment (N-SLI), and typically developing language (TL).

Method

Secondary data analysis of the imputed 5-year and 34-year data was carried using multivariate logistic regressions.

Results

The results show strong associations for demographic and biological risk for both impairment groups. The associations are consistent for the N-SLI group but …