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Concurrently performing endurance and resistance exercise within the same training program presents a theoretically optimal training method for improving athletic performance, as well as attaining the multiple health benefits from both modes of training. However, many studies provide evidence demonstrating that concurrent training can attenuate the development of hallmark resistance training adaptations such as strength, muscle hypertrophy, and power, compared to performing resistance training alone. This phenomenon has been termed the “interference effect” or the “concurrent training effect”. Whilst much research has been dedicated to understanding this effect, the precise causes are not well known, and are further confounded by a growing body of conflicting literature. Given that endurance and resistance exercise transiently induce distinct molecular responses that govern their respective mode-specific phenotypic adaptations, it has been proposed that some degree of molecular incompatibility between the different exercise modes may contribute to the interference effect; however, supportive evidence in human studies is lacking. Furthermore, the nature of the interference effect may largely be dictated by the manipulation of training variables (e.g., exercise order, intensity, frequency, volume, mode, recovery duration) and non-training variables (e.g., training status, nutrient availability). The overarching aim of this thesis was to investigate the effects of concurrent endurance and resistance training on the development of hallmark resistance and endurance training adaptations, and the molecular responses that regulate them. A secondary …