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Recurrent complex spinal tuberculosis accompanied by sinus tract formation is one of the most common and complex types of recurrent tuberculosis. To date, only very few studies have reported the strategies and effectiveness of surgical treatments on postoperative recurrent spinal tuberculosis accompanied by sinus tract formation. In this study, 21 recurrent patients out of 87 patients with complex spinal tuberculosis were reviewed. The data of the patients, including age, gender, existence of drug-resistant mycobacterium tuberculosis, postoperative standard chemotherapy, completeness of lesion debridement, reconstruction of the spinal stability, nutritional status, accompaniment by tuberculosis in other regions, timing of the operations, and areas of the lesions, were collected for single- and multiple-factor analyses. The clinical outcomes were evaluated by long-term follow-ups. The results showed that 7 factors …