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Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) have different structural properties and effective biological activities. One of the major proven applications of CuNPs is antimicrobial activity. The advantage of CuNPs is the control over particle size and compositions to provide additional applications. The synthesis of CuNPs through green synthesis, chemical, physical and biological methods is possible. The toxicity and stability of CuNPs are important for its use as antimicrobial agent. This work reviews the behavior of CuNPs and copper-based NPs as antimicrobial agents in different media under various conditions.