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Oncology Group (SOG). The first results demonstrated the harmlessness of MLND (7), but further analysis showed that MLNS offered similar results to MLND in patients with clinically stage I NSCLC (8). Those results suggested that complete MLND was not mandatory and thus, was indirectly an encouragement not to do it. Cerfolio and coworkers (9) pointed out that the study only randomized patients after thorough samplings that were negative on frozen section in several N2 and N1 nodal stations, which might have biased the results (9). They reviewed 1,358 patients clinically staged as N0 who underwent lobectomy or segmentectomy and MLND (not MLNS)(9). The incidence of pathologic N2 disease in 1,107 patients who underwent lobectomy was 10.6% whereas it was 9.4% in the 24,896 SOG lobectomy patients (P= 0.196). The incidence of pathologic N2 disease in 251 patients who underwent segmentectomy …