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Tuber magnatum, an ascomycetous fungus and obligate ectomycorrhizal symbiont, forms hypogeous fruit bodies, commonly called Italian white truffles. The diversity of bacterial communities associated with T. magnatum truffles was investigated using culture‐independent and ‐dependent 16S rRNA gene‐based approaches. Eighteen truffles were classified in three groups, representing different degrees of ascocarp maturation, based on the percentage of asci containing mature spores. The culturable bacterial fraction was (4.17 ± 1.61) × 10⁷, (2.60 ± 1.22) × 10⁷ and (1.86 ± 1.32) × 10⁶ cfu g⁻¹ for immature, intermediate and mature ascocarps respectively. The total of bacteria count was two orders of magnitude higher than the cfu g⁻¹ count. Sequencing results from the clone library showed a significant presence of α‐Proteobacteria (634 of the 771 total clones screened, c. 82%) affiliated with …