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Disclosure of medical errors, in which a health care provider informs the patient/family of the error and takes responsibility, is an ethical imperative. Little is known about how medical error disclosure preferences or perceptions may vary for patients who are people of color, are older, or have lower educational attainment.

The researchers conducted a narrative review on medical errors and disclosure. Included were studies in high-income countries that included a predominantly marginalized population, defined by any one of the following: older age adults (mean age > 65 years); low educational attainment (> 55% of participants with less than a high school education); and/or racial/ethnic minority (< 55% of participants identifying as non-Hispanic white for US studies).

The literature search yielded 3,050 articles, resulting in 6 studies included for analysis. Four studies used hypothetical …